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Australia’s journey towards the legalisation of medical cannabis reflects a broader global trend towards recognising and embracing the therapeutic benefits of cannabis-based products. The legalisation of medicinal cannabis in Australia in 2016 marked a significant shift in the country’s drug policy, paving the way for patients with chronic and terminal illnesses to access alternative treatments when traditional medicines do not provide relief.
The array of medicinal cannabis products available in Australia is vast, with over 100 different products that patients can take mostly orally, including oils, pills, and dried flower products. These products contain either THC, CBD, or both, catering to a variety of medical conditions such as chronic pain (not related to cancer), arthritis, back and neck pain, neuropathic pain, anxiety, cancer-related symptoms, epilepsy, insomnia, and multiple sclerosis. CBD-only products are most commonly used for epilepsy and anxiety.
Despite its potential, the journey towards widespread acceptance and use of medicinal cannabis in Australia is ongoing. Surveys indicate that Australians are increasingly using or considering the use of medical cannabis, with about six percent already incorporating it under prescription and 22 percent contemplating it. The acceptance among Australians is growing, particularly among younger generations, with 38 percent knowing someone who has used medical cannabis. This acceptance is mirrored in the medical community, with over half of Australian general practitioners surveyed being in favor of prescribing medicinal cannabis.
Victoria has been at the forefront of debates around cannabis decriminalisation, with key political figures acknowledging past cannabis use, indicating a potential shift towards a health-based approach to cannabis policy. The Legalise Cannabis Party has proposed bills to legalise personal use, reflecting a growing discourse on the need to reassess current drug laws. However, there are challenges ahead, as seen in the contrasting approaches between states and territories, and the ongoing debates on the best path forward for cannabis reform.
The cost of medicinal cannabis can be prohibitive, not covered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), with expenses varying significantly based on the illness, product, and dosage. This aspect highlights an ongoing issue of accessibility for patients seeking relief through medicinal cannabis.
Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) regulates the supply of medicinal cannabis, with most products classified as unregistered drugs, necessitating special approval for prescription. The regulatory framework ensures patient safety while also posing challenges to access due to the stringent approval process.
As Australia navigates the complexities of medicinal cannabis legalisation and use, it becomes clear that a multifaceted approach, considering the perspectives of patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers, is crucial. The evolving landscape of cannabis policy in Australia reflects a broader global shift towards embracing the medicinal benefits of cannabis, highlighting the need for ongoing research, education, and policy reform to fully realise its potential as a therapeutic option.
